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I have an op-ed in Investor's Business Daily on Thursday making the case for tenure reform and merit pay. I argue that Florida Gov. Charlie Crist's veto of a sweeping and ambitious tenure reform bill in the Sunshine State two week's ago has national implications. But so does the bill currently being debated in Colorado.
I also suggest that tenure reform alone isn't enough. You need real choice and competition if you want lasting reform.
Comments
Teachers
This op-ed reads to me as if you're viewing public school problems through a lens of ideology. I don't hear any facts to back up your assertions, just stories about "the teacher in the classroom next door marking time". Your whole argument seems rooted in philosophy, not facts: You've deduced that teachers unions are bad and tenure protects incompetents.
Personally I've got anecdotes all around (my sister's a teacher, originally in New York City, now in Virginia). I don't rely on them to make policy recommendations, though.
My wife and I got into a sofa argument the other night over teachers. Here in lovely New Jersey the reprehensible Governor Christie told the citizens of the state that we should vote down any school budget increases in any district where the teachers didn't agree to a pay freeze. My side of the argument is this: Teachers are the low men on the totem pole. They're already overworked and underpaid. Demanding more from them is simply ridiculous -- especially in a state where the governor has simply refused to continue the marginal tax increase on taxpayers claiming over $400,000 income a year. How can we expect to attract the best and brightest to any profession where they're treated this way? Christie is afraid of scaring off the wealthiest residents of the state, but any time there's a problem, we can cut school funding.
I happen to feel, strongly, that the public school problems we're having are not due to teachers or tenure. I think the whole concept of how we teach children is in need of an overhaul. Our system was fine when our society needed factory workers but it's badly out of date now. However, given that our society won't be tackling the problems at that scale any time soon, we have to think carefully about what's possible. Simply falling back to free market ideologies and shouting "Choice! Competition!" -- as if these can solve every problem -- and haven't we learned over the past forty years of deregulation that they often make things worse? -- isn't helpful.
It's a fact...
Teachers in most states, including Florida and your New Jersey, earn lifetime job security after three years of "satisfactory" ratings. Although the piece that ran in IBD makes passing mention of the fact ...very few teachers ever earn an "unsatisfactory" rating, an earlier version of the piece included this little nugget, courtesy of the New Teacher Project:
It is a fact that teachers are judged by seniority, not ability. In the many layoffs taking place across the country right now, the rule is "last hired, first fired."
Now, I happen to agree with you that what ails education is not merely teacher tenure. That's clear from the piece.
It's funny, though, that you start by chiding me about arguing "ideology," then end with this stinkbomb: "haven't we learned over the past forty years of deregulation that they often make things worse?" Good grief, man.
Thesis
It's not as if my anti-deregulation broadside is a major part of my thesis or anything. Although I'll just mention Pan Am and Enron. And, oh yeah, THE GREAT RECESSION.
But never mind that. As I said, it's not a major part of my thesis. More importantly I'd ask where your evidence is that choice! and competition! really help with education. Keep in mind, before you answer, that choice and competition figure strongly in college-level education, and my wife's a university professor. So I have plenty of ammunition from those trenches, too. When I say evidence I mean more than thought experiments, by the way. That's usually what I hear about education reform.
As far as three-year tenure goes, you see the bad points of it from one side. There's another side, which is not that teachers gain permanent job security, but that they suffer with permanent insecurity. Because teachers don't get tenure for three years, many teachers get tossed before their three years are up -- just to prevent their attaining tenure. In fact that tenure requirement is held over new teachers' heads. They have to meet or exceed expectations -- never mind that "satisfactory" rating -- in order to hang on that long. It's three years in the same job in the same school, remember. Just being a teacher somewhere or other for three years doesn't count.
The trouble isn't that teachers aren't, therefore, motivated to achieve. The trouble is they're being motivated in the wrong ways for the wrong things. I'm sure we could both come up with a laundry list of complaints, from standardized testing to lack of afterschool programs, music and art classes. (In fact several high schools around here had their students stage a walk out in protest -- arranged on Facebook -- for the way their schools are being treated. A few students were even arrested! It's like the 1960s all over again! I'm proud of them simply because they give a crap. My class would never have given half that much a crap about anything. I'm not sure it's helpful in any way, but, hey, everyone needs to get demoralized somehow.)
I guess the question is not, what's wrong? We can all come up with things that are wrong. The question is, how would deregulation solve these problems?
I have my daughter in a charter school. Charter schools are choice and competition. But, in all honesty, I'm not sure the charter school is significantly different from the local public school. The main positive thing about it is, it draws from a larger and more varied population than our town, so my daughter is interacting with a lot of different kids. If she stayed here she'd mostly know middle class white kids, children of cops and firemen and car salesmen. Now she knows kids from Turkey, Puerto Rico, Iraq, Singapore, poor kids, middle class kids, the works. It's more fun.
Is the education any better? I'm not so sure. Insofar as the parents are more involved -- since parents have to be involved even to get their kids into the school -- it seems better. But overall I'm not that impressed.
And have we forgotten that tenure was invented for a reason? Do we want our teachers constantly beholden to the political winds? The idea was that, given job security, they could freely teach what was right, not what was popular or expedient. Is this something worth throwing away?
Teacher here
5 years public school, 10 years private nondenominational, 16+ years community college, 2 glorious years working adjunct at Loma Linda University.
Bring on the teaching reforms, I say. A little choice and competition would probably keep more schools engaged in educating more children. You can see some of the pitfalls right away in the scenario: schools pitching their "look and feel" to attract kids, in opposition to maintaining a focus on educating them (Camp Nickelodeon-Amuck Elementary School, anyone?). I don't think you can extract the federal government entirely from the education process.
Also, please: no more "compulsory K-12 education for all children." Let's just cut that out right now. Compulsory up until about 13 or 15; give them what I call "7-11 skills" and then if the parents want to pull them, let them be pulled.
For heaven's sake: "no child left behind?" Let's be more realistic than that. We'll save a ton of money, and get better product out of the federal system.
I have been both innovative and wildly effective, and a clock-puncher. Sometimes both at the same time. My current employer gives me a 1-yr contract (at will, which sort of ruins the whole 'contract' part of the contract) every Spring.
The private school has to remain fairly 'lean' just to survive in my area. So I understand that I am a small cog in a larger machine.
1-year contracts *do* keep me a little more hungry, for sure. I am happy that more teachers in my area haven't investigated what it is like to work at my school -- otherwise, my competition would be stiffer every year.
"...given job security, they could freely teach what was right, not what was popular or expedient. " Sadly, this didn't work out at the university level, did it? I mean, except in the sciences. In all the "soft" subjects (history, political science, etc.) university teaching has kind of become a largely drab and predictable mush of left-of-center monotony.
Related Anecdote: I was reading some of this Zinn "People's History of the United States" text my progressively fancy Princeton-educated neighbor uses as the primary high school text in his class. Zinn's interesting, warts-and-all take on the quirkiness of American history would be far more compelling to read if Zinn didn't make it so abundantly clear he is not a historian but an editorial writer (he glosses over the emergence of Communist China and Cuba, post WW2, with nary a peep, while implying that Sino-US and Cuba-US relations at the time were basically us picking on innocent governments with deep public support in their countries. No mention whatsoever of some of the sticky wickets of communism -- you know, all the bodies n stuff).
Tenure
I'm not sure the tenure thing worked out in all cases on all levels, no. But are there cases where it does work? Where it works enough to be worth it? I'm thinking of Noam Chomsky here, although I imagine this is the wrong forum in which to mention his name. Where would the Chicago School be without tenure? Milton Friedman?
As I wrote about health care, any system large enough and complex enough will result in someone, somewhere getting screwed. That's just the nature of large systems. They don't fit everyone. Tenure has its minuses but it was developed for a reason, and it wasn't just because teachers unions liked the idea, which is how Ben and many other commentators are spinning it. Crane operators have a strong union but don't get tenure. Lunch ladies have unions but don't get tenure. Teamsters, too.
There are reasons we look at teaching differently. Some of those are no doubt historical but some of them are intimately tied to the nature of the profession. Teaching is not a job like the others.
I worry that attempting to treat teaching as if it's just another factory job, with incentives and performance standards, will have large unexpected consequences.
The Three Tenures
First, I'm thinking:
"... Noam Chomsky?! That's the go-to argument for tenure?" It's not that this is a bad site on which to invoke Chomsky, cry. Pretty much anyplace is a bad place to invoke him, outside of -- what? Greenwich Village?
But then, I'm all:
Tenure for teaching, to protect to the ability to "teach the right stuff" without fear of being sacked, makes much more sense if one is in USSR, or North Korea. Then again, as an actual teacher of a subject which actually has truths in it (mathematics), I guess I'm not one to worry about being sacked. I suppose if I were just spouting off opinions and calling it "educating," I'd be a little more worried.
Also, re: your last point, which *I* think has merit: you and I have to keep in mind that the public education system in the US is actually pretty much a factory-type system. Which makes teachers pretty much factory workers.
Revising the system might help, but would involve flunking failing students, etc., which puts too much pressure on the public school system.
Revising public education is a task I would love to be a part of. It's interestingly tricky stuff!
"There's a reason we don't quote [Noam Chomsky] when we discuss highway spending. It just puts too much noise into your signal." Joel, 2010
Chomsky et al
I happen to like old Noam, although I have to admit up front I'm not deeply familiar with more than a micropercentage of his writing. Consider, though, that he's a guy with extremely unpopular political opinions who has, nevertheless, done groundbreaking, seminal work in linguistics. His linguistic work might never have happened with his big mouth getting him fired every six months.
I imagine there are other good people who are arguments for tenure but I don't know of any offhand. I get into thought experiments myself, then, and I already picked on Ben about that.
Let's just leave it at this: None of us here (given the Atrios Rule) are really smart enough on this topic, whereas the concept of tenure for teachers has been hammered out over hundreds of years (how long has Oxford been around?). We'd better have some really, really good reasons for ditching it now.
Consider your point about tenure in the USSR or North Korea: We have tenure here. We also have academic freedom. Which flows from which? Maybe one of the things keeping us from turning into the USSR is tenure. The foundation of freedom is made of many bricks.
I agree about our current education system being based on the factory system. It grew out of the Industrial Revolution and the need for minimally trained and educated factory workers. Schools are factories, assembly lines for turning out nearly identical parts (students/workers). That's bad since we really don't need factory workers so much any more, and we hardly need to indoctrinate curious, easily-distracted children into the drudgery of assembly-line piecework these days. I've seen a lot has changed between when I was in seventh grade and now that my son is there, but not enough, if you ask me. Changing how we do things even more would be fantastic, but I've already encountered obstacles, just trying to get them to reduce -- not even eliminate! -- homework. Everyone points to someone else in typical bureaucratic style: "It's not me making the rules, it's them over there!"
So I understand Ben's desire to trash a lot of it and start clean but I question the market-based approach. One of the important parts of public education is that society teaches its newest members what they need to know, not that kids are taught what their parents think they need to know. Bad enough we've got evangelical, conservative Christians homeschooling to avoid their kids' learning about evolution or sexual reproduction. What will happen when you've got consumer parents choosing niche schools to teach their kids some narrow view of the universe? Do you really want Glenn Beck Middle School or the Noam Chomsky Montessori School for Tomorrow's Pinkos? Part of the purpose of public school is to keep our society our society, not a whole bunch of little disconnected my societies.
Further there's the open question of how one rewards "good" teachers and chastises "bad" teachers. Who decides? How? I can state from experience that standardized testing is not working out. What else?
None of us here (given the Atrios Rule) are really smart enough
"None of us here (given the Atrios Rule) are really smart enough on this topic, whereas the concept of tenure for teachers has been hammered out over hundreds of years (how long has Oxford been around?). We'd better have some really, really good reasons for ditching it now."
That's how I feel about redefining "marriage." And overturning evolutionary theory. Sometimes, really, really good reasons should be required.
Marriage
Well to hell with marriage. Redefine it. I say, if gay people want to suffer along with us straights, let them.
More stereotyping
I'm not going to go quite so far as to call it bigotry, but it's close:
Bad enough we've got evangelical, conservative Christians homeschooling to avoid their kids' learning about evolution or sexual reproduction.
This is such a narrow, convenient, and (I'd argue) ill-informed perspective on why people homeschool these days, it's ironic that you make such a statement right after invoking the Atrios Rule.
More on this later. Right now I've got to take my (informed about BOTH evolution and sexual reproduction) homeschooled daughter to soccer practice.
Re: Stereotyping
The sad thing is: She knows nothing about soccer.
Damn homeschooling! (Shakes fist at sky.)
Homeschooling
Did I say all homeschoolers are evangelical Christians? No I did not. In fact I myself have asked my son if he'd like to be homeschooled. He turned me down, which makes me think he needs some home psychiatry.
Not all homeschoolers are evangelical Christians, but evangelical Christian homeschoolers do exist. I'm friends with a couple of them. That's all I was saying.
Religious private schools
It's worth noting that the vast majority of private schools are religiously affiliated (but not necessarily evangelical). Only 24% are non sectarian.
Catholics
And the Catholic ones are closing. The one in our town is shutting down and one a couple of towns over -- which has been operating for 131 years -- is also closing. We're wondering what we're going to do with the students since our public schools are already full and there's no money to expand them.
RE Teaching "truth"
Yeah... like those sneaky biologists, with their theories. :p
Seriously, if I taught life science, history, sociology, or English literature, I would probably spend too much time thinking about my lesson plans and how the school board would interpret them, especially in Texas, rural Pennsylvania, etc.
Whoa. Bigot alert
*beep beep beep*
RE Bigot Alert
Explain please.
Re: Bigot Alert
What, you don't think Texans and rural Pennsylvanians aren't people, too? Are are they merely two-dimensional cartoon caricatures?
TX and PA
Yeah, they're people. They're the people who wrote Jefferson out off and Intelligent Design in to their respective text books. I couldn't remember the exact county in PA, so apologies to the rest of the state. So no, I don't think I'm being unfair. I am judging the on their actions.
"They're the people who..."
"They" aren't the people who did those things any more than "you", Khabalox, are one of "the people" who invaded Iraq or beat up Rodney King (assuming you live in Los Angeles - if not, substitute any other abhorrent behavior committed, caused, or sanctioned by representatives of your locale.) Some small group that gained political power, along with another small group that has influence over them, did those things. Unless you want to start being held responsible for everything your school board, city council, state legislature, Congress, and President do, you might consider cutting them some slack.
RE The people who....
Let's back up. I think Ben misinterpreted my statement about being cautious about what I might teach in TX and PA. He took it to mean (I think) that I thought everyone in TX and PA is a rube who doesn't know evolution from a hole in the ground. I in turn responded to his statement in a way which validated his misinterpretation -- my bad.
Of course there are people in TX and rural PA who don't hold those ridiculous beliefs (let alone impose their ideology unfairly on the school system). I lived in Houston for about 8 years and Williamsport, PA for 2, so I know this first hand. However, my original point still stands, and I don't think I am being unfair or bigoted. If I was in either of those school districts (i.e. anywhere in TX or in Dover, PA) I might think twice about teaching Darwin or Jefferson. If I had tenure (or something similar that inoculated me from the prevailing politics) I could better concentrate on teaching the facts rather than the currently accepted party line.
For what it's worth, I think some sort of peer review (by people educated in the various subjects) of curriculum is infinitely preferable to having such decisions made by politicos (on the left or right).
If I was in either of those school districts (i.e. anywhere in T
"If I was in either of those school districts (i.e. anywhere in TX or in Dover, PA) I might think twice about teaching Darwin or Jefferson."
I wouldn't. Of course, that is why parent opinion of me runs about 8 in favor to 2 opposed.
The way I see it, either I am paid to teach what amounts to truth about the cosmos (or near as we can get) or not. So I do. And if they want to fire me, God bless them. I'll try and get hired on somewhere else.
So far, my plan is working swimmingly.
Despite the fact that -- as a somewhat libertarian conservative -- I am considered the Hitler of the teacher's lounge.
RE If they fire me....
So you wouldn't have a problem with a teacher getting fired because s/he refused to teach that Climate Change is caused by humans?
I applaud your educational integrity, even if it costs you your job. But what about the children? Are we willing to accept a school system that fires teachers who want to teach the truth because the school board would rather them teach their ideology?
you wouldn't have a problem with a teacher getting fired because
"you wouldn't have a problem with a teacher getting fired because s/he refused to teach that Climate Change is caused by humans?"
Heh. I can't; that'd be me if it were anyone.
NOTE: not because climate change may be influenced in part by human activity, but because the model needed to predict climate change with any reliability is fearsomely complicated. And I doubt anyone writing school science curriculum has bothered to study the subject in any depth.
Is there a better example? Not teaching evolution, perhaps? I would support the firing of a science teacher who did not teach the evolutionary model of biological diversity.
Re: Bigot alert
Keemo-sabe speak with forked tongue halfway in cheek.
Chomsky et al
"Heisenberg, Goedel and Chomsky walk into a bar. Heisenberg says "This is very odd and improbably, and I wonder if we might be in a joke, but I can't be certain." Goedel says "Well, if we were outside the joke we would know, but since we're inside the joke, there's no way of determining whether or not we're in a joke." And Chomsky says "Of course this is a joke, but you're telling it wrong!""
Very Funny
Thank you for a very nerdy smile.